Cyborg is short of cybernetic organism.

It refers to a being with both, biological and artificial parts.

The term was first used by Mnfred Clynes and Nathan S. Kline in 1960

http://cyborganthropology.com/What_is_a_Cyborg%3F

Bionics - Brain Machine Interaction and Integration - Articles and Papers 2012

How to control a Prosthesis with your mind - Jose M Carmena
http://www.ecst.csuchico.edu/~hma/Application.pdf

Eberhard Fetz - The Pioneer Researcher and Development Scholar in Bionics

1969
Operant Conditioning of Cortical Unit Activity
http://e.guigon.free.fr/rsc/article/Fetz69.pdf

2007
Compact Movable Microwave Array for Long-term Chronic Unit Recording in Cerebral Cortex of Primates
http://www.unifr.ch/inph/vclab/assets/files/PDFs/jackson.3109.pdf


2012
Research:
Bidirectional interactions between brain and implanted computers
http://www.cbi.cmu.edu/news/bioimaging/images/12_BioimagingDay_Poster_Keynote.pdf



The article by Jose M. Carmena (2012) mentioned that brain machine interface started more than 40 years ago at the University of Washington with the pioneering experiment in 1969 by Eberhard Fetz. In this experiment, electrodes were implanted in the brain of a monkey and it was seen that whenever a neuron was fired, an external  needle deflected. Observing this deflection and given an incentive of a food pellet, the monkey were able to increase the frequency of needle deflections. This experiment demonstrated that the brain can control a device external to the body.